Centar za edukaciju-BiH

Predmet:USB, provjera kapaciteta, format

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Kupili ste USB stick.
Treba ga odmah provjeriti i formatirati prije prve upotrebe, zasto?
Na trzistu imamo USB stikove laznih kapaciteta koji mogu dovesti do gubitka podataka koje smo snimili na njega.

Program za provjeru stvarnog kapaciteta diska koji cete koristiti je H2testw.
H2testw je u mogućnosti testirati USB stik, memorijske kartice i unutarnje, vanjske, pa čak i mreža hard diskove na pogreške. Radi tako da punjenjem uređaja sa 1GB test podataka, a zatim ga provjerava čitajući podatke unatrag. Uporaba je vrlo jednostavna. Odaberite uređaj, a zatim odaberite želite li testirati sve dostupne prostora ili određenu količinu megabajta.

Iako H2testw nije destruktivan po tome što neće prebrisati sve prisutne podatke na disku, za najbolje rezultate, preporučeno je imati prazan i novo formatirani uređaj. Ovaj program je vrlo dobar u testiranju pogrešaka i pronalazenju USB memorija s lažnim kapaciteta. H2testw je i potpuno prenosiv samostalan.
Nakon sto prode test pokazace vam rezultat. Meni je u slucaju 64GB USB stika pokazalo samo 16GB.
The media is likely to be defective.
15.5 GByte OK (32527960 sectors)
42.9 GByte DATA LOST (90110376 sectors)
Details:0 KByte overwritten (0 sectors)
0 KByte slightly changed (< 8 bit/sector, 0 sectors)
42.9 GByte corrupted (90110376 sectors)
0 KByte aliased memory (0 sectors)
First error at offset: 0x00000003e0acb000
Expected: 0x00000003e0acb000
Found: 0x0000000000000000
H2testw version 1.3
Reading speed: 9.45 MByte/s
H2testw v1.4

Normalno je da kod diska od recimo 128GB pokaze samo 120GB, to nije lazni USB.
Potrebe USB stika za rezerviranim prostorom. Neki diskovi rezerviraju prostor za sigurnost, šifriranje, DRM, ili drugi softver i upravljačke programe. Više prostora je rezervirano za datotečni sustav dok je disk formatiran. To nije neobično za 5-10% kapaciteta pogona ce biti rezervirano, ostavljajući 90-95% na raspolaganju za svoje podatke. Neki prodavači ce posebno navesti dostupan / iskoristiv kapacitet pogona, koji vas nece pokušati prevariti. Prihvaćena je praksa u industriji navesti kapacitet flash disk koji se temelji na fizičkoj memoriji, a ne slobodne memorije.

Sada kada ste otkrili da vam je podvaljen USB sa laznim kapacitetom potrebno ga je formatirati, to cete napraviti sa programom:

MiniTool Portable Partition Manager LINK

MiniTool Partition Wizard je jednostavan za particioniranje s visokom sigurnošću i učinkovitošću. možete izraditi, obrisati, format, premjestiti i promijeniti veličinu particije s lakoćom.
Program je prenosni i netreba ga instalirati.

FAT i NTSC
Svi operativni sustavi podržavaju FAT32, jer je to jednostavan datotečni sustav. NTFS je robustan i učinkovitiji nego FAT jer omogućuje korištenje naprednih struktura podataka za poboljšanje pouzdanosti, korištenje prostora na disku i ukupnu učinkovitost. Podrška za NTFS je narasla, ali nije tako univerzalna FAT32.

	FAT32	NTFS
Introduced	1977	July 1993 (Windows NT 3.1)
Overall Performance	Both built-in security and recoverability are absent. File compression is not possible.	Recoverability, encryption and compression are designed into NTFS in a way that's transparent to the user.
Max. volume size	2 TiB (with 512 byte sectors, which is the most common configuration) 8 TiB (with 2 KiB sectors and 32 KiB clusters) 16 TiB (with 4 KiB sectors and 64 KiB clusters)	264 clusters − 1 cluster (format);, 256 TB (256 × 10244 bytes) − 64 KB (64 × 1024 bytes) (implementation)
Max. file size	About 4GB. Technically, the file size limits are 2,147,483,647 bytes (2 GiB – 1) (without LFS) 4,294,967,295 bytes (4 GiB – 1)[1] (with LFS) 274,877,906,943 bytes (256 GiB – 1) (only with FAT32+[35])	16 EiB – 1 KiB (format);, 16 TiB – 64 KiB (Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier implementation), 256 TiB – 64 KiB (Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 implementation)
Max. number of files	268,173,300 for 32 KiB clusters	4,294,967,295 (2^32-1)
Attributes	Read-only, Hidden, System, Volume, Directory, Archive	Read-only, hidden, system, archive, not content indexed, off-line, temporary, compressed
Dates recorded	Modified date/time, creation date/time (DOS 7.0 and higher only), access date (only available with ACCDATE enabled), [2] deletion date/time (only with DELWATCH 2)	Creation, modification, POSIX change, access
Date range	1980-01-01 to 2099-12-31	1 January 1601 – 28 May 60056 (File times are 64-bit numbers counting 100-nanosecond intervals (ten million per second) since 1601, which is 58,000+ years)
Date resolution	2 seconds for last modified time, 10 ms for creation time, 1 day for access date, 2 seconds for deletion time	100 ns
File system permissions	Partial, only with DR-DOS, REAL/32 and 4690 OS	ACLs
Max. filename length	255 UCS-2 characters when using LFN	255 UTF-16 code units
Transparent compression	Not supported	Per-file, LZ77 (Windows NT 3.51 onward)
Transparent encryption	Not supported	Per-file,, DESX (Windows 2000 onward),, Triple DES (Windows XP onward),, AES (Windows XP Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2003 onward)
Size & Storage	The Maximum volume size is 32GB for all OS and 2TB for some OS. Max file size is 4GB.	16 EiB – 1 KiB (format);, 16 TiB – 64 KiB (Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier implementation), 256 TiB – 64 KiB (Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 implementation)
Developer	Microsoft, Caldera	Microsoft
Full name	32-bit File Allocation Table	New Technology File System
Supported operating systems	All Windows versions, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 3 and 4	Windows NT family (Windows NT 3.1 to Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012), Mac OS X, GNU/Linux
Partition identifier	MBR/EBR: FAT32: 0x0B 0x0C (LBA), e.a. BDP: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7	0x07 (MBR), EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (GPT)

MiniTool Portable Partition Manager_free_x_32bit.zip

Prilozi:

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